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Basic Astronomy of the Moon

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The Moon is the only satellite which accompanies the Earth in its path around the Sun. The Moon's diameter is 27% of the Earth's diameter and it's mass is 0.01% of the Earth's. It is 384,000km away from us here on Earth. The Moon takes 27.32 days to orbit the Earth (as seen by us against the background of stars). The orbital plane of the Moon lies within 5˚ of the apparent orbit of the Sun (as seen from Earth).

We only see the Moon from here on Earth by the light which is reflecting upon it from the Sun and this is how we see the phases.

The diagram below shows the Moons movement around the Earth and the reflection of the Sun onto the Moon which allows us to to see the Moon.

diagram1

Please note proportions of Sun Moon and Earth are not correct


The Moon always keeps the same face turned towards the Earth. When the Moon is new, the Sun, Moon and Earth are all aligned with the Moon between the Earth and Sun. While the Moon is New and there is no light to illuminate it, the Moon is still visible due to light reflected from the Earth
. When the Moon is Full the Earth is directly between the Sun and Moon.

new moon
full moon
new
full
The New Moon as seen from Earth
The Full Moon as seen from Earth

he first and last quarters of the Moon are at the 90° and 270° positions. The crescent Moons and the gibbous Moons are between these as illustrated in the following diagrams.

crescent moon
first quarter moon
last crescent
half moon
The first crescent as seen from Earth
The first quarter

waxing gibbous moon

waning gibbous moon
waxing gibbous
waning gibbous
The waxing gibbous Moon
The waning gibbous Moon

last quarter moon

wanign crescent moon
last half moon
first crescent
Last quarter
Waning crescent Moon

 

 


 

 

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